Sessions and Tracks
Track 01: Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Decline
Neurodegeneration and cognitive decline are fundamental processes observed in individuals with dementia. Neurodegeneration involves the progressive loss of structure and function of neurons in the brain, ultimately resulting in their death. As this process advances, it contributes directly to the decline in cognitive abilities such as memory, reasoning, language, and decision-making. One of the primary causes of neurodegeneration in dementia is the abnormal accumulation of proteins such as beta-amyloid and tau. These proteins disrupt normal cellular processes, impair communication between neurons, and lead to widespread brain damage. Inflammatory responses from overactive immune cells and oxidative stress further accelerate this damage, creating a harmful environment for brain cells. Cognitive decline progresses as essential brain regions, including the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, experience significant atrophy. These changes can be observed through imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. As neurons deteriorate, individuals begin to exhibit signs of memory loss, disorientation, and difficulty performing routine tasks. Understanding the link between neurodegeneration and cognitive decline is essential for early diagnosis and treatment. Current research focuses on developing therapies that can slow neuronal loss, enhance brain resilience, and improve overall quality of life for individuals affected by dementia.
Track 02: Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis and Management
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia, characterized by progressive memory loss, confusion, and difficulties in language and reasoning. Accurate diagnosis and timely management are essential for improving outcomes and enhancing quality of life. Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical assessment, cognitive testing, neuroimaging, and biomarker analysis. Clinicians begin by evaluating a patient’s medical history, conducting mental status examinations, and ruling out other possible causes of cognitive decline. Advanced imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, help detect brain atrophy and amyloid or tau deposition. Laboratory tests can also identify changes in cerebrospinal fluid related to these proteins. Management strategies aim to slow disease progression, manage symptoms, and support the individual and caregivers. Pharmacological treatment includes cholinesterase inhibitors and glutamate regulators that may improve or stabilize symptoms in some patients. Non-pharmacological approaches, such as cognitive stimulation therapy, structured routines, and environmental modifications, also play a significant role. Support for caregivers is equally important, as the demands of care increase with disease progression. Education, counseling, and community resources help reduce caregiver burden. Continued research is focused on early diagnosis, disease-modifying treatments, and personalized care approaches that target the underlying biological mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease.
Track 03: Vascular Causes of Dementia
Vascular dementia is caused by impaired blood flow to the brain, which leads to the death of brain cells and cognitive decline. This condition commonly results from strokes, small vessel disease, or other vascular injuries that disrupt the supply of oxygen and nutrients to brain tissues. Individuals may experience symptoms such as confusion, difficulty with planning or organizing, slowed thinking, and problems with attention or movement. The onset can be sudden after a major stroke or gradual due to cumulative minor strokes. Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation, cognitive testing, and brain imaging techniques like magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography to detect vascular damage. Risk factors include high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, elevated cholesterol levels, heart disease, and smoking. Management focuses on controlling these risk factors to prevent further damage. Treatment includes medications such as antihypertensives and antiplatelets, lifestyle modifications like regular exercise and a healthy diet, and supportive care to maintain cognitive function. Although there is no cure for vascular dementia, early diagnosis and proper management can slow the progression of symptoms and help patients maintain their independence for longer periods. Ongoing research is exploring the effectiveness of neuroprotective therapies to repair vascular damage and enhance cognitive resilience.
Track 04: Frontotemporal Dementia Variants
Frontotemporal dementia is a group of neurological disorders caused by progressive degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, which are responsible for behavior, personality, and language. Unlike Alzheimer’s disease, memory is often preserved in the early stages, but individuals may exhibit marked changes in social behavior, emotional regulation, and communication. The behavioral variant is the most common type and involves disinhibition, apathy, compulsive behavior, and a lack of empathy. Other variants include semantic dementia, where individuals lose the understanding of word meanings, and progressive non-fluent aphasia, which is marked by slow, labored speech. These forms typically affect people between 45 and 65 years of age, leading to early and significant impairment in personal and professional life. Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation, neuropsychological testing, and imaging studies to detect focal brain atrophy. There is no specific treatment to stop or reverse the disease, but medications may help manage behavioral symptoms. Speech therapy, occupational therapy, and structured routines are essential in maintaining function. Genetic testing may be offered in some cases due to familial links. Research efforts continue to identify the underlying mechanisms and develop targeted treatments to slow disease progression and improve quality of life.
Track 05: Lewy Body Dementia Characteristics
Lewy body dementia is a complex and progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the accumulation of abnormal protein deposits called Lewy bodies in the brain. These protein clusters interfere with normal brain activity and lead to a combination of cognitive, motor, and psychiatric symptoms. Individuals often experience fluctuating attention, recurrent visual hallucinations, sleep disturbances, and features similar to Parkinson’s disease such as tremors, stiffness, and slow movement. Memory loss is generally less pronounced in the early stages compared to Alzheimer’s disease, but cognitive impairment progresses over time. Diagnosis is based on a thorough clinical history, neurological examination, cognitive assessments, and sometimes specialized imaging to rule out other conditions. The overlapping symptoms with other dementias and movement disorders can make diagnosis challenging. Treatment aims to manage symptoms and may include cholinesterase inhibitors for cognition, medications for motor symptoms, and behavioral therapies. However, sensitivity to antipsychotic drugs is common and requires careful medical supervision. Supportive interventions including physical therapy, occupational therapy, and structured environments can help improve daily function. Family education and caregiver support are essential due to the complex and unpredictable nature of the disease. Research is ongoing to develop better diagnostic tools and disease-modifying therapies.
Track 06: Genetic and Epigenetic Factors
Genetic and epigenetic factors play a significant role in the development and progression of various forms of dementia. Inherited mutations in specific genes have been linked to familial cases of Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, and other neurodegenerative disorders. For example, mutations in the amyloid precursor protein gene, presenilin 1, and presenilin 2 genes are associated with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease. In frontotemporal dementia, genetic changes in the microtubule-associated protein tau gene and the progranulin gene are often implicated. Apart from these inherited mutations, common genetic variations such as the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele increase the risk of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Epigenetic mechanisms, which involve changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence, also influence dementia risk. Factors such as aging, environmental exposures, diet, and stress can modify epigenetic markers like DNA methylation and histone modification, potentially triggering or accelerating neurodegeneration. Advances in genetic testing allow for earlier and more precise identification of individuals at risk, although ethical concerns around predictive testing remain. Understanding these genetic and epigenetic pathways offers the possibility of developing personalized treatments, identifying preventive strategies, and targeting therapies that could modify disease progression at the molecular level.
Track 07: Brain Imaging and Biomarkers
Brain imaging and biomarkers have become essential tools in the diagnosis, monitoring, and research of dementia. Magnetic resonance imaging is widely used to detect structural brain changes, such as atrophy in the hippocampus and other areas associated with cognitive decline. Positron emission tomography allows visualization of abnormal protein accumulation, including beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles, which are characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease. Functional imaging techniques can also assess changes in brain activity and blood flow. In addition to imaging, biological markers found in cerebrospinal fluid and blood provide valuable insights. These include levels of beta-amyloid, phosphorylated tau, and total tau, which help differentiate between types of dementia and track disease progression. Emerging blood-based biomarkers offer the potential for less invasive testing, which could be used for large-scale screening and early detection. Combining imaging results with biomarker profiles enhances diagnostic accuracy, especially in the early or atypical stages of disease. These tools are also essential in clinical trials to monitor treatment effects and disease response. As research continues, the integration of artificial intelligence in analyzing imaging and biomarker data is expected to improve predictive capabilities and support the development of personalized treatment approaches.
Track 08: Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapies
Cognitive rehabilitation therapies aim to improve or maintain cognitive function in individuals living with dementia by using targeted interventions that engage memory, attention, language, and problem-solving skills. These therapies can be delivered individually or in group settings and are tailored to each person's abilities and needs. Techniques include reality orientation, which reinforces awareness of time, place, and person; cognitive stimulation, which involves mentally engaging activities such as puzzles, discussions, and games; and cognitive training, which focuses on specific skill development through repetitive exercises. In addition to improving cognitive skills, these therapies help enhance mood, reduce apathy, and promote social interaction. They are often integrated into a broader care plan that includes physical exercise, occupational therapy, and social engagement. While these interventions do not cure dementia, they may help slow functional decline and improve quality of life. Research supports their effectiveness, particularly when initiated in the early stages of dementia and when combined with caregiver involvement. Regular evaluation and adjustment of therapy plans are essential to ensure continued benefit. Cognitive rehabilitation empowers individuals to use their remaining abilities more effectively and maintain independence in daily life for as long as possible.
Track 09: Psychiatric and Behavioral Symptoms
Psychiatric and behavioral symptoms are common in individuals with dementia and can significantly impact quality of life for both patients and caregivers. These symptoms include depression, anxiety, agitation, aggression, irritability, delusions, hallucinations, and sleep disturbances. Behavioral changes may arise from the underlying brain pathology or be triggered by environmental stressors, unmet needs, or physical discomfort. Depression and anxiety are often seen in the early stages, while hallucinations and aggression become more frequent as the disease progresses. These symptoms can complicate care, increase caregiver stress, and often lead to earlier institutionalization. Assessment involves detailed observation, caregiver reports, and ruling out medical conditions such as infections or pain that may be contributing to the behavior. Management requires a comprehensive approach, including environmental modifications, structured routines, and behavioral interventions. Non-drug approaches are preferred initially, such as music therapy, physical activity, and sensory stimulation. When necessary, medications like antidepressants, antipsychotics, or mood stabilizers may be prescribed with caution due to their potential side effects. It is important to regularly review treatment plans and monitor for effectiveness and adverse effects. Understanding and addressing psychiatric and behavioral symptoms are essential components of comprehensive dementia care that promote dignity, comfort, and emotional well-being.
Track 10: Nutrition and Cognitive Function
Nutrition plays a vital role in brain health and may influence the development and progression of dementia. A balanced diet that includes essential nutrients supports neuronal function, reduces inflammation, and protects against oxidative stress, all of which are important for maintaining cognitive abilities. Diets rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats particularly those following the Mediterranean or dietary approaches to stop hypertension patterns—have been associated with a reduced risk of cognitive decline. Specific nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin E, vitamin B12, folate, and antioxidants have been linked to improved brain function and slower progression of dementia-related symptoms. Malnutrition and deficiencies, particularly in older adults, may worsen cognitive impairment, highlighting the importance of regular nutritional assessments. In individuals already diagnosed with dementia, maintaining adequate nutrition can be challenging due to appetite loss, chewing or swallowing difficulties, and changes in taste or smell. Care strategies include offering nutrient-dense meals, adapting food textures, and creating a calm, supportive mealtime environment. Hydration is also crucial, as dehydration can lead to confusion and other health issues. Overall, good nutrition not only supports cognitive health but also contributes to physical strength, immunity, and overall quality of life in individuals with dementia.
Track 11: Cardiovascular Health and Dementia Risk
Cardiovascular health is closely linked to brain health, and evidence increasingly shows that conditions such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, high cholesterol, obesity, and heart disease significantly increase the risk of developing dementia. These cardiovascular risk factors can damage blood vessels, reduce cerebral blood flow, and contribute to stroke and white matter lesions, which impair cognitive function. Vascular damage may also promote the accumulation of abnormal proteins associated with neurodegeneration, such as beta-amyloid and tau. Managing cardiovascular health is therefore essential in the prevention and management of dementia. Preventive strategies include maintaining healthy blood pressure, controlling blood sugar levels, reducing cholesterol, quitting smoking, and engaging in regular physical activity. Dietary habits, such as consuming less saturated fat and more fruits and vegetables, also play a role in promoting both heart and brain health. Medications such as antihypertensives, statins, and antidiabetic agents may be used to manage these conditions under medical supervision. Regular screening and early intervention are key to reducing the cumulative impact of vascular damage over time. By prioritizing cardiovascular health, it is possible to delay the onset of dementia or slow its progression, offering a more comprehensive and proactive approach to brain aging and cognitive preservation.
Track 12: Digital Tools for Dementia Care
Digital tools are becoming increasingly important in the care and management of dementia, offering new ways to support patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals. These technologies include mobile applications, wearable devices, smart home systems, and online platforms that assist with monitoring, communication, and safety. Wearable devices can track vital signs, detect falls, and monitor movement patterns to alert caregivers of potential concerns. Mobile applications provide cognitive exercises, reminders for medication, and tools for daily planning, helping individuals maintain independence for longer periods. Smart home technologies can automate lighting, temperature, and appliance use, creating a safer and more comfortable living environment. Telehealth services allow for remote consultations, reducing the need for travel and increasing access to medical care, especially for those in rural or underserved areas. Digital platforms also support caregiver education, peer connection, and emotional support through forums and virtual groups. Despite the promise of these tools, barriers such as limited digital literacy, privacy concerns, and cost may affect their widespread adoption. When properly implemented, digital solutions can enhance the quality of care, increase safety, and promote autonomy for individuals with dementia, while also easing the burden on caregivers and improving coordination among healthcare providers.
Track 13: Artificial Intelligence in Dementia Research
Artificial intelligence is playing a transformative role in dementia research by enhancing early diagnosis, improving disease prediction, and accelerating drug discovery. Machine learning algorithms can analyze complex datasets, including genetic profiles, neuroimaging scans, and clinical records, to identify patterns that may signal the early onset of dementia before symptoms appear. These systems can assist clinicians in differentiating between types of dementia and monitoring disease progression with greater accuracy than traditional methods. Artificial intelligence models can also analyze speech patterns, facial expressions, and movement to detect subtle cognitive and behavioral changes in real-time. In research settings, artificial intelligence is being used to screen potential drug compounds, predict their effects, and design personalized treatment strategies. By integrating data from multiple sources, artificial intelligence can provide a comprehensive view of the individual’s condition, supporting more precise and timely interventions. Ethical considerations such as data privacy, algorithm transparency, and bias must be carefully managed to ensure responsible use. Although still in the early stages, artificial intelligence has the potential to significantly advance our understanding of dementia, improve patient outcomes, and contribute to more efficient healthcare systems focused on personalized and preventive care.
Track 14: Ethical Issues in Dementia Care
Ethical issues in dementia care are complex and often arise from the progressive nature of the disease, which affects a person’s ability to make decisions and communicate preferences. One of the most important ethical principles is respect for autonomy, which becomes increasingly difficult to uphold as cognitive decline advances. Decisions regarding medical treatments, living arrangements, and end-of-life care require careful consideration of the individual's previously expressed wishes, often documented through advance directives. Another major ethical concern is obtaining informed consent, particularly in research or treatment decisions when the person may no longer understand the implications. Caregivers and healthcare providers must balance the need to protect the individual from harm with the responsibility to respect their dignity and freedom. Issues of safety, such as limiting driving or using surveillance technology, must be handled with sensitivity and respect. The burden on family members who serve as decision-makers can be significant, requiring emotional support and guidance. Cultural values and personal beliefs further influence ethical decisions in care. Providing person-centered care that honors the values and identity of the individual with dementia is essential. Ethics committees, social workers, and legal advisors can help navigate these challenges, ensuring that care remains compassionate and just.
Track 15: Caregiver Support and Burden
Caregivers play a vital role in the lives of individuals with dementia, providing emotional, physical, and practical assistance throughout the progression of the disease. However, this role can lead to significant physical, emotional, and financial strain, often referred to as caregiver burden. Common challenges include managing behavioral symptoms, navigating healthcare systems, balancing personal responsibilities, and coping with grief and emotional exhaustion. Many caregivers experience high levels of stress, anxiety, depression, and feelings of isolation, especially as the disease advances and the person requires more intensive care. Support systems are essential to help caregivers maintain their own well-being. These include caregiver education programs, respite services, counseling, peer support groups, and financial assistance where available. Healthcare providers should actively involve caregivers in care planning, offering guidance on communication techniques, behavior management strategies, and available community resources. Access to reliable information and emotional support helps caregivers feel more confident and less overwhelmed. Technology, including mobile applications and online forums, can also provide valuable assistance. Supporting caregivers is not only important for their health but also directly affects the quality of care the person with dementia receives. Recognizing and addressing caregiver needs is a crucial component of comprehensive dementia care.
Track 16: Sleep Disorders and Dementia
Sleep disorders are common among individuals with dementia and can significantly affect both cognitive function and quality of life. These disturbances include insomnia, fragmented sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness, circadian rhythm disruptions, and conditions such as sleep apnea and restless legs syndrome. Poor sleep quality may worsen memory problems, increase confusion, and heighten agitation, particularly in the evening hours, a phenomenon known as sundowning. In addition to affecting the individual, sleep disturbances often disrupt the sleep of caregivers, contributing to fatigue and caregiver burnout. The causes of sleep issues in dementia are multifactorial and may include changes in brain regions that regulate sleep, side effects of medications, discomfort, and reduced exposure to natural light. Management strategies include establishing consistent sleep routines, reducing daytime napping, increasing physical activity, and creating a comfortable sleep environment. Exposure to natural light during the day and limiting screen time in the evening can help restore normal sleep-wake cycles. In some cases, medical evaluation is needed to rule out sleep-related breathing disorders or to adjust medications that may interfere with rest. Improving sleep can enhance alertness, reduce behavioral symptoms, and support the overall health of individuals living with dementia and their caregivers.
Track 17: Language and Communication Difficulties
Language and communication difficulties are common in dementia and tend to worsen as the disease progresses. Individuals may struggle to find the right words, follow conversations, or understand written and spoken language. These challenges can lead to frustration, social withdrawal, and misunderstandings between the person with dementia and their caregivers. In the early stages, problems may be subtle, such as difficulty recalling names or hesitating mid-sentence. As the condition advances, speech may become disorganized, repetitive, or even incoherent. Eventually, individuals may lose the ability to speak entirely. Effective communication strategies are essential to maintaining relationships and ensuring proper care. These include speaking slowly and clearly, using simple sentences, maintaining eye contact, and offering visual cues or gestures. Allowing extra time for responses and avoiding distractions during conversations can also be helpful. Speech and language therapy may provide tailored exercises to maintain language skills and develop alternative communication methods, such as picture boards or assistive devices. Supporting communication not only helps the individual express needs and emotions but also enhances dignity, reduces anxiety, and strengthens the connection with caregivers and loved ones. Communication is a vital aspect of person-centered care in dementia management.
Track 18: Pain Management in Dementia
Pain is often under-recognized and under-treated in individuals with dementia due to communication barriers and cognitive decline. As the ability to express discomfort diminishes, individuals may rely on nonverbal cues such as facial expressions, changes in behavior, restlessness, or agitation to indicate pain. If unaddressed, pain can lead to a decline in function, increased behavioral symptoms, and a lower quality of life. Accurate assessment is critical and may involve observation tools tailored for individuals with limited communication abilities, along with input from caregivers who understand the person’s usual behaviors. Common sources of pain include arthritis, injuries, dental problems, and chronic conditions. Management involves both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Medications such as acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and in some cases opioids may be used cautiously, considering the risks of side effects and interactions. Non-drug therapies include massage, physical therapy, heat or cold application, and relaxation techniques. Regular reassessment of pain and ongoing communication with caregivers are essential to ensure effective relief. Providing appropriate pain management not only reduces suffering but also improves emotional well-being, sleep, and engagement in daily activities. A compassionate and person-centered approach is essential to addressing pain in dementia care.
Track 19: Palliative and End-of-Life Care
Palliative and end-of-life care for individuals with dementia focuses on comfort, dignity, and quality of life during the advanced stages of the disease. As cognitive and physical decline progresses, individuals may lose the ability to eat, communicate, or respond to their surroundings. Medical complications such as infections, weight loss, and immobility become more common. At this stage, care goals often shift from curative treatment to symptom relief and emotional support. Palliative care involves managing pain, shortness of breath, anxiety, and other distressing symptoms, as well as supporting psychological, social, and spiritual needs. Discussions with families about advance care planning and preferred end-of-life options are important to ensure care aligns with the individual's values and wishes. Decisions regarding the use of artificial nutrition, resuscitation, and hospitalization should be made in consultation with healthcare professionals and caregivers. Hospice services may be involved to provide care at home, in a hospice facility, or in a nursing home. Emotional support for families and caregivers is essential throughout this phase. Providing compassionate, respectful, and individualized care helps ensure comfort, reduces suffering, and honors the person’s life with dignity at its final stage.
Track 20: Social Engagement and Inclusion
Social engagement and inclusion are essential for promoting emotional well-being and preserving cognitive function in individuals living with dementia. Isolation and loneliness are common in dementia, often resulting from communication difficulties, mobility challenges, or stigma associated with the disease. A lack of social interaction can accelerate cognitive decline and lead to depression and withdrawal. Encouraging participation in meaningful activities and social connections helps maintain a sense of identity, purpose, and belonging. Group activities such as music therapy, art classes, gardening, and storytelling sessions can stimulate cognitive and emotional responses. Intergenerational programs that connect individuals with younger people have also shown positive effects on mood and social interaction. Community-based initiatives such as dementia-friendly environments, public awareness campaigns, and inclusive recreational programs foster a supportive atmosphere where individuals feel respected and understood. Family, caregivers, and staff should be encouraged to involve individuals in everyday activities, tailored to their abilities and interests. Creating opportunities for social engagement not only improves the individual's quality of life but also helps reduce caregiver stress. Promoting inclusion and connection is a fundamental aspect of holistic dementia care that respects the person’s humanity and supports their continued participation in life and community.